Indonesian territory has ancient human fossil remains the most complete, most of the old and the modern human species. Artifacts found also gives a clear picture of developments and changes in the pattern of human life. Pre-literacy Indonesian society has been able to create a culture whose level is high. Broadly speaking, there are 10 native culture concluded Indonesia since the days of pre-script, namely:
1. Wayang
2. Batik
3. Farming
4. gamelan musical instruments
5. Know the pattern of the fabric of society macapat
6. Have a means of exchange in trade (economic system)
7. It has the expertise to make the equipment of metal
8. Having a high expertise in shipping
9. Know astronomy
10. Know the systems of organization
So, we will discuss about early humans in Indonesia.
Based on the research that has been done on fossils and artifacts were found, it can be reconstructed several types of early humans who have ever lived in Indonesia during the pre-literacy.
1. Meganthropus
This type of fossil is found by GHR von Koenigswald in the area of Sangiran, Central Java, in 1941. The fossils were found is lower jaw and parts of the skull. His teeth showed that this man only ate plants. The jaws were found large so-called Meganthropus Paleojavanicus which means giant man of Java. Judging from his head, the size of brain volume is so small that not including early humans were intelligent.
2. Pithecanthropus
This fossil is most prevalent in Indonesia. Is the famous fossil Pithecanthropus Erectus discovered by Eugene Dubois in the village Trinil, Ngawi, East Java, in 1891. The excavation was carried out in alluvial deposits of the Solo River and found the roof of the skull as well as some of the femur which proves that this man has walked upright. Meaning of Pithecanthropus Erectus was human ape walking upright.
Pithecanthropus height 160-180 cm with a brain size of 900cc which is above the monkey brain volume, and still below the modern human brain (1200cc - 1400cc). His face was thrust forward, backward sloping forehead, and the back of the head has not been rounded.
These early human fossils were also found in Perning, Mojokerto, East Java by Von Koenigswald in 1936, and the fossil was named Pithecanthropus mojokertensis.
3. Homo
a. Homo Wajakensis
The fossil was discovered by BD Van Rietschoten in Wajak. Tulungagung, East Java in 1889. Parts of the body were found in the form of fossilized skull and some vertebrae on the neck. This fossil classified as Homo Sapiens.
b. Homo Soloensis
Soloensis or human Homo fossils are found in Ngandong Solo, Central Java in 1931 by Ter Haar. The fossils were found in the form of eleven fossil skull, jawbone and teeth. These early human fossils were first classified as Homo Sapiens and given the name Homo (Javanthropus) Soloensis by WFF Oppenoorth.
c. Homo floresiensis
Homo floresiensis (Flores man) is the name given by a group of researchers of the Hobbit skeleton found in Liang Bua. Limestone cave in Ruteng, Manggarai, Flores Island in 2001. In the cave were found the remains of bodies that have not been petrified of nine individuals. Posture is estimated at about 100cm, with a brain volume of 380cc. Results of research addressing that is different from the bones of Homo floresiensis bones of Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals. Two report strengthens the argument that the specimen skeleton of Homo floresiensis is more primitive than Homo Sapiens and being in the region of variation Homo Erectus.
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